Showing posts with label gay history. Show all posts
Showing posts with label gay history. Show all posts

Beyond Carnival: Male Homosexuality in Twentieth-Century Brazil (Worlds of Desire: The Chicago Series on Sexuality, Gender, and Culture) Review

Beyond Carnival: Male Homosexuality in Twentieth-Century Brazil (Worlds of Desire: The Chicago Series on Sexuality, Gender, and Culture)
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Beyond Carnival: Male Homosexuality in Twentieth-Century Brazil (Worlds of Desire: The Chicago Series on Sexuality, Gender, and Culture) ReviewCovering developments between 1890 and 1980, Green's book is the best place to begin to understand the appropriation of public space by gay male Brazilians. Besides seeming to have read everything written by or about male homosexuality in Brazil (his book's apparatus occupies more than a hundred pages), including archived forensic and psychiatric case records, Green draws on seventy life history interviews and a cache of illustrations from across the twentieth century.
Green shows that the gap between representation of rigid (masculine-active) bofe and (feminine-passive and frequently transvestite) bicha roles and how Brazilian males lived their sexualities increased during 1960s, and subsequently has been challenged in public discourse, but that behavior and purportedly universal norms were already noncongruent during the 1930s. Besides cataloging a history of growing bicha pride and steady bofe bashful ambivalence, Green also shows that bicha prominence in carnival is a tradition that is relatively recent, emerging during the 1950s, and suppressed for a few years at the beginning of the 1970s.
Green sensibly stresses the emergence during the 1950s and 60s of first bicha and then gay publications. The American homophile movement then also involved only a few determined individuals and fugitive publications. Rio's famed beaches have been important as places where men of varying economic status who are sexually interested in men meet - and socialize, and develop group consciousness, as well as engineering sexual liaisons. Brazilian gay clubs, bars, and restaurants cluster near beaches with gay enclaves.Beyond Carnival: Male Homosexuality in Twentieth-Century Brazil (Worlds of Desire: The Chicago Series on Sexuality, Gender, and Culture) Overview

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The Politics of Gay Rights (The Chicago Series on Sexuality, History, and Society) Review

The Politics of Gay Rights (The Chicago Series on Sexuality, History, and Society)
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The Politics of Gay Rights (The Chicago Series on Sexuality, History, and Society) ReviewMost anything from University of Chicago Press is likely to be of high quality, and this anthology meets that standard. Gay and lesbian politics is an emerging and evolving discipline, and important milestones are occurring in real time. This volume, published in 2000, provides intelligent treatments of current issues but also plenty of context; while solid and scholarly, it mostly eschews the esoterica and pomo-homo preoccupations of many other works on the LGBT politics bookshelf. Chapters include treatments of history, policy, the Christian right, Congress, the Supreme Court, public opinion, and state and local politics. The editors and most of the contributors are well-known scholars and/or writers in political science or related fields (including Ken Wald, John D'Emilio, Craig Rimmerman, Keith Boykin, Didi Herman, Greg Lewis, James Button, Barbara Rienzo, Donald Haider-Markel, and Clyde Wilcox), and this is one of the book's strongest calling cards. Because it pulls together many topics addressed by some signature authorities in the field (many of whom have written book-length treatments of what appear here as chapters), "The Politics of Gay Rights" was, in my judgment, one of the first books in LGBT political science to be really useful as a core text for an undergraduate college course; I will be using it as such in a seminar on gay/lesbian politics in spring 2002 (please feel free to contact me for more information). But it's not a heavy-duty tome, so most anyone with serious interest in the subject should find it accessible and valuable.The Politics of Gay Rights (The Chicago Series on Sexuality, History, and Society) Overview

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A Field Guide to Gay and Lesbian Chicago Review

A Field Guide to Gay and Lesbian Chicago
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A Field Guide to Gay and Lesbian Chicago ReviewThe title of this book really should be changed to "The best gay friend you may or may not have had who taught you almost everything you need to know about nearly all things gay and lesbian in Chicago." But I guess "Field Guide" will do. Kathie (a fiction writing alum of Columbia College Chicago) and Robert have compiled a valuable and expansive resource for anyone from newcomer queers to tired old queens and even straights that either enjoy the gay vibe or have the occasional visit from their flamboyant cousin. A little bit of history combined with a whole lot of detail and sprinkled with a few personal anecdotes, this field guide is a virtual romp through the `hoods, dives, stages, stores, hotels (and more) that are quietly and boldly queer Chicago.
Audio walking tours might be overkill but I wouldn't be surprised if that weren't next for these two out and seasoned Chicagoans.A Field Guide to Gay and Lesbian Chicago Overview

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Homosexualities (Worlds of Desire: The Chicago Series on Sexuality, Gender, and Culture) Review

Homosexualities (Worlds of Desire: The Chicago Series on Sexuality, Gender, and Culture)
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Homosexualities (Worlds of Desire: The Chicago Series on Sexuality, Gender, and Culture) ReviewThe conclusion of this book synthesizes what the hundreds of details and citations have been about. Murray sees homosexuality around the world throughout recorded history asa being age-stratified, gender stratified and egalitarian. In addition, he wants to demonstrate that the social construction of these activities did not eliminate the desire of the pleasure of them, asa some researchers try to maintain.
The first two types of homosexualities predominate history. Some of these stratifications become sacralized in the society's religious foundations. The egalitarian type is more pertinent to the 20th century.
What Murray accomplishes in this book is a description of a wide variety of meaning in homosexual activity. There are different constructions throughout history and even within a particular society on the meaning, purpose and acceptance of certain acts.
This is a well-researched book. For the creative writer there is a mine of information from which to use the imagination. What is so important to understand is that 20th and 21st century criticism often assumes the terminologies more recently developed. Murray and others successfully demonstrate that one has to be more discrete in interpreting literature and art from ancient cultures.
What is fascinating is that throughout the world the same kind of age stratified or gender stratified acitivties have similar meanings. Each culture has particular meanings or levels of acceptance. But somehow humans have found meaning in what today many would call perversions or sickness. Who knows best?Homosexualities (Worlds of Desire: The Chicago Series on Sexuality, Gender, and Culture) Overview

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Interzones: Black/White Sex Districts in Chicago and New York in the Early Twentieth Century Review

Interzones: Black/White Sex Districts in Chicago and New York in the Early Twentieth Century
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Interzones: Black/White Sex Districts in Chicago and New York in the Early Twentieth Century ReviewNowadays, most of us would assume some (and I stress, some) people may turn up their noses to interracial couplings or encourage their children not to partake of it, Little would most of us realize that the government and various police departments were actively engaged in keeping people of different races from getting sexually or romantically involved with each other. Well, just like now, the couple that reaps the greatest wrath is that of a black man and a white woman. Here, Dr. Mumford shows that in the 1920s, demarcated areas of large cities became places where the races mixed surreptitiously, just as others would drink alcohol during Prohibition or engage in any other stigmatized practice.
I enjoyed hearing of my hometown of Chicago in the same breath as New York City. Usually, academics focus on the latter and forget the former. This book was a breath of fresh air which reminded me that there was a long period when Chi-Town was the Second City. Dr. Mumford states that other cities, such as Cleveland and Detroit, had interzones. Graduate students in those localities may want to use this book to write their own specific research in this area.
Even though this book covers sexual activities, it is far from sexy and that will disappoint many. This text does not give juicy accounts of people from 100 years ago talking about their own interracial sex lives. Instead, it is filled with quotes from police investigators discussing this activity. If you got a kick out of seeing the film "Mandingo" or reading about Malcolm Little's exploits "across the color line," you will find nothing that titillating here.
Dr. Mumford asserts that anti-vice advocates suppressed white prostitution and thus prostitution became a whiteman-blackwoman activity. This is not surprising since this sexual coupling was common before the Emancipation Proclamation. However, there are many racist people that would not hold company with blacks. Dr. Mumford suggests that white clients were more than happy to contract black prostitutes, but I imagine that in the pre-Civil Rights era, many clients would have said, "If I can't get a white woman, then I don't want anybody at all." Dr. Mumford mentions that the Cotton Club had black entertainers and white audiences, but refused to allow black audiences inside. I wonder if the same dynamic happened in these interzones. Did white men go to brothels in black neighborhoods, but still in pursuit of white sex workers?
Dr. Mumford actually discuss venues where Asian men danced with white women before talking of black-white couplings. Thus, he breaks the black-white binary that many Latino and Asian academics lament. However, he never mentions whether these brideless Asian men could have or tried to connect with African-American women. Other academics have noted that in California Asian Indian men married Mexicanas when their were no Asian women around to marry. Did the same thing happen in Chicago and NYC? Why does the author ignore the potential dynamic between groups of color?
Dr. Mumford states that he is biracial and wants this book to be a source of strength for other biracial persons in America. While an admirable goal, I highly doubt this book would make biracial readers happy because it says nothing about happy mixed couples raising children with positive identities in a supportive community. This book was all about authorities trying to break up mixed couples and mixed couples usually getting together for X-rated activities or failing to be allowed to marry. While we grow from learning the tragedies of the past, reading of that past can be a bitter pill to swallow.
Dr. Mumford includes a chapter on gay dynamics in these interzones. Gay studies enthusiasts may really want to peep this chapter. Dr. Mumford cites John D'Emilio, Jeffrey Weeks, and other gay studies experts. It truly shows how their founding work has influenced many aspects of the study of sexuality. Still, I found the gay chapter to be a bit cluttered.
The back cover states that Dr. Mumford is an independent scholar who lives in Madison, Wisconsin. Any college should jump at the chance to hire this author, especially UW at Madison, given it lack of racial diversity and its controversies surrounding it. They would be foolish not to hire him for a tenure-track position immediately. In fact, any college in or around New York City or Chicago would greatly benefit by having such a rigorous and promising scholar in their history department. A guy this sharp who can write a book this strong should not be just floating out in the wind.
Dr. Mumford's book mostly move chronologically, then, near the end of the book, he mentions "Birth of a Nation," a film made in 1915, not the Roaring Twenties. This non-linear move doesn't make sense. I also thought the conclusory chapter was irrelevant. Dr. Mumford moves from police reports to theater to more police reports to a film. This vacillating between life and art may bother some readers, especially hardcore historians. However, since I think art influences life and culture heavily, I did not have a problem with it.Interzones: Black/White Sex Districts in Chicago and New York in the Early Twentieth Century Overview

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